Introduction With changes in lifestyles and dietary structure, hyperuricemia shows an increasing prevalence year by year, which may become the second largest metabolic disease after diabetes mellitus, a
Introduction With changes in lifestyles and dietary structure, hyperuricemia shows an increasing prevalence year by year, which may become the second largest metabolic disease after diabetes mellitus, a
Introduction Steviol glycosides are secondary metabolites obtained by extracting and isolating stevia from the herbaceous plant Stevia rebaudiana of the Asteraceae family, with a high degree of sweetness
NAD is an abbreviation for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which is a naturally occurring coenzyme (a substance that works with enzymes) found in our bodies. It helps cells produce energy. However, as we age, NAD
Introduction According to the report of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there are 19.3 million new cases of malignant tumors and 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Malignant tumors have overtaken
Introduction Elderly individuals are at a significantly higher risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common vascular disorder. As the global population ages rapidly, the number of PAD cases is projected to rise
Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has emerged as one of the primary cause of mortality among the patients with end-stage renal disease such as renal failure, accounting for 30-50% of chronic renal failure cas
Introduction Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities, and the decreased NAD+ level is related to various pathologies such as cardiac dis
Introduction Targeting the autophagy-NAD axis has been reported be a viable therapeutic strategy for Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease. The study suggests that both pharmacological rescue of autophagy deficiency and
Introduction Apical periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting tooth apex tissues, is triggered by oral pathogens infecting the root canal. One of the main reason for endodontic treatment failure is Enterococcus
