Advantages of NMNH
NMNH: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder. 2. Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability. 3. Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity（up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder 5. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
Advantages of NADH
NADH: 1. Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology, purity up higher than 98 % 3. Special patented process crystal form, higher stability 4. Obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality 5. 8 domestic and foreign NADH patents, leading the industry 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
Advantages of NAD
NAD: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Stable supplier of 1000+ enterprises around the world 3. Unique “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, higher product content and higher conversion rate 4. Freeze drying technology to ensure stable product quality 5. Unique crystal technology, higher product solubility 6. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products
Advantages of MNM
NMN: 1. “Bonzyme”Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive“Bonpure”seven-step purification technology, high purity（up to 99.9%) and stability 3. Industrial leading technology: 15 domestic and international NMN patents 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products 5. Multiple in vivo studies show that Bontac NMN is safe and effective 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service 7. NMN raw material supplier of famous David Sinclair team of Harvard University
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Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (hereafter referred to as BONTAC) is a high-tech enterprise established in July 2012. BONTAC integrates R&D, production and sales, with enzyme catalysis technology as the core and coenzyme and natural products as main products. There are six major series of products in BONTAC, involving coenzymes, natural products, sugar substitutes, cosmetics, dietary supplements and medical intermediates.
As the leader of the global NMN industry, BONTAC has the first whole-enzyme catalysis technology in China. Our coenzyme products are widely used in health industry, medical & beauty, green agriculture, biomedicine and other fields. BONTAC adheres to independent innovation, with more than 170 invention patents. Different from the traditional chemical synthesis and fermentation industry, BONTAC has advantages of green low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology. What’s more, BONTAC has established the first coenzyme engineering technology research center at the provincial level in China which also is the sole in Guangdong Province.
In the future, BONTAC will focus on its advantages of green, low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology, and build ecological relationship with academia as well as upstream/downstream partners, continuously leading the synthetic biological industry and creating a better life for human beings.
BONTAC NMNH product features and advantages
1. "Bonzyme" Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder.
2. Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability.
3. Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity (up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder
4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder
5. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NMNH is more potent than NMN
When applied to cultured cells, the NMNH is shown to be more efficient than NMN as it was able to “significantly increase NAD+ at a ten times lower concentration (5 µM) than that needed for NMN”. Moreover, NMNH shows to be more effective , as at 500 µM concentration, it achieved “an almost 10-fold increase in the NAD+ concentration, while NMN was only able to double NAD+ content in these cells, even at 1 mM concentration.”.
Interestingly, NMNH also appears to act quicker and has a longer-lasting effect compared to NMN. According to the authors, NMNH induces a “significant increase in NAD+ levels within 15 minutes”, and “NAD+ steadily increased for up to 6 hours and remained stable for 24 hours, while NMN reached its plateau after only 1 hour, most likely because the NMN recycling pathways to NAD+ had already become saturated.”.
NADH powder manufacturing method
The main methods of NMNH powder preparation include extraction, fermentation, fortification, biosynthesis and organic matter synthesis. Compared with other preparations, the whole enzyme becomes the mainstream method owing to the advantages of pollution free, high level of purity and
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Frequently Asked Question
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NADH is synthesized by the body and thus is not an essential nutrient. It does require the essential nutrient nicotinamide for its synthesis, and its role in energy production is certainly an essential one. In addition to its role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADH is produced in the cytosol. The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, and this permeability barrier effectively separates the cytoplasmic from the mitochondrial NADH pools. However, cytoplasmic NADH can be used for biologic energy production. This occurs when the malate-aspartate shuttle introduces reducing equivalents from NADH in the cytosol to the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. This shuttle mainly occurs in the liver and heart.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) homeostasis is constantly compromised due to degradation by NAD+ -dependent enzymes. NAD+ replenishment by supplementation with the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) can alleviate this imbalance. However, NMN and NR are limited by their mild effect on the cellular NAD+ pool and the need of high doses. Here, we report a synthesis method of a reduced form of NMN (NMNH), and identify this molecule as a new NAD+ precursor for the first time. We show that NMNH increases NAD+ levels to a much higher extent and faster than NMN or NR, and that it is metabolized through a different, NRK and NAMPT-independent, pathway. We also demonstrate that NMNH reduces damage and accelerates repair in renal tubular epithelial cells upon hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Finally, we find that NMNH administration in mice causes a rapid and sustained NAD+ surge in whole blood, which is accompanied by increased NAD+ levels in liver, kidney, muscle, brain, brown adipose tissue, and heart, but not in white adipose tissue. Together, our data highlight NMNH as a new NAD+ precursor with therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury, confirm the existence of a novel pathway for the recycling of reduced NAD+ precursors and establish NMNH as a member of the new family of reduced NAD+ precursors.
First, inspect the factory. After some screening, NMNH companies that directly face consumers pay more attention to brand building. Therefore, for a good brand, quality is the most important thing, and the first thing to control the quality of raw materials is to inspect the factory. Bontac company actually manufacturing NMNH powder of high quality with the caterias of SGS. Secondly, the purity is tested. Purity is one of the most important parameters of NMN powder. If high purity NMNH cannot be guaranteed, the remaining substances are likely to exceed the relevant standards. As the attached certificates demonstrates that the NMNH powder produced by Bontac reach the purity of 99%. Finally, a professional test spectrum is needed to prove it. Common methods for determining the structure of an organic compound include Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Usually through the analysis of these two spectra, the structure of the compound can be preliminarily determined.
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Targeting NAD+ Salvage Pathway as a Potential Approach to Combat Obesity
Introduction Mar 4th is determined as the World Obesity Day. World Obesity Federation, UNICEF and WHO have hosted a global youth-led webinar to talk about obesity & youth. The obesity crisis has gradually attracted much attention. The latest report by the Lancet suggests that one billion people are bothered by obesity (2022), with 650 million adults, 340 million adolescents and 39 million children. Recently, etiological studies and interventions for obesity have been progressively focused on the central nervous system, with an attempt to curb the onset of obesity at its source. Notably, targeting NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes may be a potential approach to combat obesity. The association of hypothalamic astrocytes and obesity The hypothalamus functions as the appetite regulation center, which receives and integrates the neuroendocrine factors produced by the central nervous system and peripheral tissues to promote or suppress appetite, so as to affect body weight. Noteworthily, aypothalamic astrocytes can apparently decrease glucose clearance and increase plasma insulin levels, playing an essential role in modulating energy metabolism, which are expected to be a new target for obesity treatment. Alleviation of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by repressing astrocyte NAD+ salvage pathway Under conditions of excessive fat intake, the NAD+ salvage pathway is specifically activated in hypothalamic astrocytes, which restrains the energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation in adipose tissues by downregulating sympathetic nerve innervation, eventually resulting in the accumulation of adipose tissue fat and the development of obesity. CD38 as a downstream mediator of astrocyte inflammation induced by the NAD+ salvage pathway. CD38 functions downstream of the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes burdened with excess fat. CD38 knockdown in arcuate nucleus astrocytes diminishes the weight gain, reduces fat mass, increases EE, and lowers RER during HFD consumption. Cd38 depletion in hypothalamic astrocytes may improve hypothalamic inflammation by increasing NAD+ level. Hypothalamic inflammation can not only lead to energy imbalances, but also exacerbate central insulin resistance and leptin resistance, which can lead to the accumulation of fat in peripheral tissues. The role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)–NAD+–CD38 axis in obesity In mammals, the salvage pathway represents the primary means of maintaining cellular NAD+ level. A crucial step in the NAD+ salvage pathway is catalyzed by NAMPT. In response to fat overload, the activation of the astrocytic NAMPT-NAD+-CD38 axis induces pro-inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus, eliciting aberrantly activated basal Ca2+ signals and compromised Ca2+ responses to metabolic hormones such as insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide 1, ultimately resulting in dysfunctional hypothalamic astrocytes and contribute to the development of obesity. Conclusion Mechanically, inhibition of hypothalamic astrocytic NAD+ salvage pathway, along with its downstream CD38, mitigates hypothalamic inflammation and attenuates the development of HFD-induced obesity in male mice. Reference Park, J.W., Park, S.E., Koh, W. et al (2024). Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD+ salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity. Nat Commun 15, 2102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46009-0 BONTAC NAD BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of NAD and its precursors (eg. NMN and NR). There are various types of NAD to be selected, encompassing NAD ER Grade (endoxin removal), NAD Grade I (IVD/dietary supplement/cosmetics raw powder), NAD Grade II (API/intermediates) and NAD Grade IV (if any higher requirement on the solubility), which can be provided in the form of lyophilized powder or crystalline powder. The purity of BONTAC NAD can reach above 98%. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. BONTAC holds no responsibility for any claims, damages, losses, expenses or costs resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
Frontier Dynamics on the Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2 Against Tumor
Introduction Ginsenoside Rh2, one protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type rare ginsenoside in Panax ginseng, is uncovered to possibly have broad-spectrum pharmacological activity in diversified tumors. It is utilized as an adjuvant drug for preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and rescue treatment of advanced cancer, which has been a research hotspot in recent years. Current states on cancer therapies Cancer has emerged as the second largest cause for death across the world, with approximately 9.6 million cancer-related deaths in 2018, in accordance with the statistical report by World Health Organization (WHO). Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery are the preferred option for cancer, whose efficacy is however limited by the tumor relapse and drug resistance, requiring a patch such as adjuvant drugs to fix the bug. For anticancer treatment, over 60% of the approved and pre-new drug application candidates are natural products or synthetic molecules based upon natural product molecular skeletons. Strikingly, ginsenosides act as a promising therapeutic target by virtue of its pharmacological activities such as immune adjustment, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and protection of the heart and cerebral vessels. 20(S) ginsenoside Rh2 vs. 20(R) ginsenoside Rh2 There are two stereoisomeric forms of ginsenoside Rh2, namely 20(S) ginsenoside Rh2 and 20(R) ginsenoside Rh2. Relative to the (20R) ginsenoside Rh2, (20S) ginsenoside Rh2 has higher cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. In a previously reported study, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 20(S) ginsenoside Rh2 and 20(R) ginsenoside Rh2 in A549 cells are 45.7 and 53.6 µM, respectively. The underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2 against tumor Mechanically, the anti-tumor effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are realized by enhancing the body’s immune activity to regulate microenvironment, inhibiting differentiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, inducing the apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, superoxide and reactive oxygen species, and reversing the drug resistance via regulating a series of important tumor-related signaling pathway. For instance, ginsenoside Rh2 can activate CD4+ and CD8a+ T lymphocytes, promote their invasion, and enhance the killing effect of lymphocytes on B16-F10 melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, the number of tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase is increased significantly post treatment with ginsenoside Rh2 and 5-FU, by which the expansion and migration of tumor cells are effectively hampered. Additionally, the ginsenoside Rh2 downregulates the levels of drug-resistance-related genes (eg. MRP1, MDR1, LRP and GST), making colorectal cancer cells more sensitive to 5-FU. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rh2 plays multifunctional roles in both tumor treatment and tumor microenvironment immunomodulation, which may become a promising choice of medication for patients with tumors in the future. Reference [1] Xiaodan S, Ying C. Role of ginsenoside Rh2 in tumor therapy and tumor microenvironment immunomodulation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;156:113912. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113912 [2] Yang L, Chen JJ, Sheng-Xian Teo B, Zhang J, Jiang M. Research Progress on the Antitumor Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2. Am J Chin Med. Published online January 31, 2024. doi:10.1142/S0192415X24500095 BONTAC Ginsenosides BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of rare ginsenosides Rh2/Rg3, with pure raw materials, higher conversion rate and higher content (up to 99%). One-stop service for customized product solution is available in BONTAC. With unique Bonzyme enzymatic synthesis technology, both S-type and R-type isomers can be accurately synthesized here, with stronger activity and precise targeting action. Our products are subjected to strict third-party self-inspection, which are worth of trustworthy. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. BONTAC holds no responsibility for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
Further Exploration on the Effects of Sweetener Stevia on Human Gut Microbiota
1. Introduction The gut microbiota has long been regarded as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Any changes in the composition or quality of the gut microbiota may have physiological consequences for the host. To determine the effect of sweetener stevia (also known as stevioside) on the gut microbiome of healthy population, the stool samples are collected from healthy participants who consume with or without five drops of the sweetener stevia twice daily. Following analyses of 16S rRNA sequencing method, no large-scale change is found in the gut microbiota post 12 weeks of consumption with stevia, hinting the safety of stevia. 2. Insignificant changes in the alpha or beta diversity following consumption of stevia It is discovered that there is no significant difference in alpha diversity (in terms of observed taxa, evenness and Shannon Index) and beta diversity (with regard to PCoA, PERMANOVA, and Jaccard Index) between groups. Nevertheless, PCoA plots shows strong separation along the x-axis. In addition, the community composition in each group is relatively even over time and equally diverse. 3. No clear difference in relative abundances of taxa At the genus level, relative abundances are similar between the control and stevia groups. No major difference is observed in relative abundances at the class, order and family level. Strikingly, butyricoccus is the only one identified taxon exhibiting significant difference at baseline, but not after 12 weeks of stevia consumption. Moreover, Collinsella and Aldercreutzia are two coprococcus species identified as explicitly different at baseline (one higher and one lower when comparing stevia vs. control), which however are significantly elevated after 12 weeks of consumption with stevia. 4. The safe intake volume of sweetener steviol glycosides In the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), there is a Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), which is responsible for evaluating the safety of food additives and establishing acceptable daily intake levels for safe use. Steviol glycosides, one of the extract from stevia, is evaluated by the FAF as well. In accordance to the latest toxicological test, this sweeter is not genotoxic and carcinogenic, without any adverse effects on the human reproductive system or growing children. The expert group has set the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of steviol glycosides at 4 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day, which is consistent with the level determined by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) administered by the US Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). 5. Conclusion Regular, long-term consumption of stevia does not overtly alter the composition of the human gut microbiotia. Stevia can be safe as long as the intake volume is controlled appropriately. Reference Singh G, McBain AJ, McLaughlin JT, Stamataki NS. Consumption of the Non-Nutritive Sweetener Stevia for 12 Weeks Does Not Alter the Composition of the Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients. 2024;16(2):296. Published 2024 Jan 18. doi:10.3390/nu16020296 BONTAC Stevia/Stevioside (RD) BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team consisting of Doctors and Masters. Patent-grade Stevia Reb-D (US11312948B2 & ZL2018800019752) is availbale at BONTAC. High quality and stable supply of stevioside Reb-D can be better ensured here with the exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology and Bonzyme Whole-enzymatic method. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provide for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be held responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities whatsoever (including, without limitation, any direct or indirect damages for loss of profits, business interruption or loss of information) resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.