NMNH: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder. 2. Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability. 3. Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder 5. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NADH: 1. Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology, purity up higher than 98 % 3. Special patented process crystal form, higher stability 4. Obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality 5. 8 domestic and foreign NADH patents, leading the industry 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NAD: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Stable supplier of 1000+ enterprises around the world 3. Unique “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, higher product content and higher conversion rate 4. Freeze drying technology to ensure stable product quality 5. Unique crystal technology, higher product solubility 6. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products
NMN: 1. “Bonzyme”Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive“Bonpure”seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99.9%) and stability 3. Industrial leading technology: 15 domestic and international NMN patents 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products 5. Multiple in vivo studies show that Bontac NMN is safe and effective 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service 7. NMN raw material supplier of famous David Sinclair team of Harvard University
Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (hereafter referred to as BONTAC) is a high-tech enterprise established in July 2012. BONTAC integrates R&D, production and sales, with enzyme catalysis technology as the core and coenzyme and natural products as main products. There are six major series of products in BONTAC, involving coenzymes, natural products, sugar substitutes, cosmetics, dietary supplements and medical intermediates.
As the leader of the global NMN industry, BONTAC has the first whole-enzyme catalysis technology in China. Our coenzyme products are widely used in health industry, medical & beauty, green agriculture, biomedicine and other fields. BONTAC adheres to independent innovation, with more than 170 invention patents. Different from the traditional chemical synthesis and fermentation industry, BONTAC has advantages of green low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology. What’s more, BONTAC has established the first coenzyme engineering technology research center at the provincial level in China which also is the sole in Guangdong Province.
In the future, BONTAC will focus on its advantages of green, low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology, and build ecological relationship with academia as well as upstream/downstream partners, continuously leading the synthetic biological industry and creating a better life for human beings.
The main methods of NMNH powder preparation include extraction, fermentation, fortification, biosynthesis and organic matter synthesis. Compared with other preparations, the whole enzyme become the mainstream method owing to the advantages of pollution free, high level of purity and stability.
1、“Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder.
2、Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability.
3、Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder
4、Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder
5、Provide one-stop product solution customization service
when applied to cultured cells, the NMNH is shown to be more efficient than NMN as it was able to “significantly increase NAD+ at a ten times lower concentration (5 µM) than that needed for NMN”. Moreover, NMNH shows to be more effective, as at 500 µM concentration, it achieved “an almost 10- fold increase in the NAD+ concentration, while NMN was only able to double NAD+ content in these cells, even at 1 mM concentration.”.
Interestingly, NMNH also appears to act quicker and has a longer-lasting effect compared to NMN. According to the authors, NMNH induces a “significant increase in NAD+ levels within 15 minutes”, and “NAD+ steadily increased for up to 6 hours and remained stable for 24 hours, while NMN reached its plateau after only 1 hour, most likely because the NMN recycling pathways to NAD+ had already become saturated.”.
NMNH also proved more effective than NMN in raising NAD+ levels in a variety of tissues when administered at the same concentration, confirming the results observed in cell lines. The data presented in this study also corroborate the evidence that NAD+ boosters protect against different models of acute kidney injury, and place NMNH as a great alternative intervention to other NAD+ precursors to reduce tubular damage and accelerate recovery.
To overcome the limitations of the current repertoire of NAD+ enhancers, other molecules with a more pronounced effect on the NAD+ intracellular pool are desired. This has stimulated us to investigate the use of the reduced form of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMNH) as an NAD+ enhancer. There is very scarce information about the role of this molecule in cells. In fact, only one enzymatic activity has been described to produce NMNH. This is the NADH diphosphatase activity of the human peroxisomal Nudix hydrolase hNUDT1232 and the murine mitochondrial Nudt13.33 It has been postulated that, in cells, NMNH would be converted to NADH via nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs).34 However, both NMNH production by Nudix diphosphatases and its use by NMNATs for NADH synthesis have only been described in vitro using isolated proteins, and how NMNH participates in cellular NAD+ metabolism remains unknown.
First, inspect the factory. After some screening, NMNH companies that directly face consumers pay more attention to brand building. Therefore, for a good brand, quality is the most important thing, and the first thing to control the quality of raw materials is to inspect the factory. Bontac company actually manufacturing NMNH powder of high quality with the caterias of SGS. Secondly, the purity is tested. Purity is one of the most important parameters of NMN powder. If high purity NMNH cannot be guaranteed, the remaining substances are likely to exceed the relevant standards. As the attached certificates demonstrates that the NMNH powder produced by Bontac reach the purity of 99%. Finally, a professional test spectrum is needed to prove it. Common methods for determining the structure of an organic compound include Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Usually through the analysis of these two spectra, the structure of the compound can be preliminarily determined.
1. Introduction Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation has been suggested to hamper the inflammatory responses via restoring NAD+ level and downregulating the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Strikingly, both Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), two key enzymes for kynurenine production, can mediate the anti-inflammatory function of NMN in RAW 264.7 macrophages. 2. The alleviated inflammatory response in the presence of NMN supplementation For deciphering the impact of NMN in vivo, mice are subjected to daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NMN (500 mg/kg) for consecutive 6 days, followed by i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (5 mg/kg) or alum (700 μg) on day 7. It is discovered that NMN supplementation suppresses LPS- or alum-induced inflammation in mice, as manifested by the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and proinflammatory enzyme (COX-2). 3. The necessity of AhR for NMN-mediated inhibition of inflammatory response in macrophages AhR, a ligand-activated transcription factor, can mediate the anti-inflammatory function of NMN upon LPS treatment in RAW264.7 cells. Specifically, NMN reduces the expression of COX-2 in cells in bearing AHR. On the contrary. AhR inhibitor (CH223191) deprives the downregulation of IL-6, IL-1β and COX-2 caused by NMN treatment. Likewise, NMN treatment fails to reduce the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2 in AhR knockout cells. 4. The importance of IDO1/kynurenine/AhR axis in the anti-inflammation function of NMN IDO1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism to produce kynurenine, a metabolic intermediate in NAD+ de novo synthesis pathway. Kynurenine can promote the translocation of AhR from the cytoplasm to nucleus, thereby exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. NMN inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in a IDO1-kynurenine dependent manner in macrophages. 5. Conclusion NMN supplementation mitigates COX-2-associated inflammatory responses by activating lDO-kynurenine-AhR pathway, providing new insights into NAD* regulation in macrophage activation. Reference Liu J, Hou W, Zong Z, et al. Supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide diminishes COX-2 associated inflammatory responses in macrophages by activating kynurenine/AhR signaling. Free Radic Biol Med. Published online February 8, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.046 BONTAC NMN BONTAC is the pioneer of NMN industry and the first manufacturer to launch NMN mass production, with the first whole-enzyme catalysis technology around the world. At present, BONTAC has become the leading enterprise in niche areas of coenzyme products. Notably, BONTAC is the NMN raw material supplier of famous David Sinclair team at the Harvard University, who uses the raw materials of BONTAC in a paper titled “Impairment of an Endothelial NAD+-H2S Signaling Network Is a Reversible Cause of Vascular Aging”. Our services and products have been highly recognized by global partners. Furthermore, BONTAC has the first national and the only provincial independent coenzyme engineering technology research center in Guangdong, China. The coenzyme products of BOMNTAC are widely used in fields such as nutritional health, biomedicine, medical beauty, daily chemicals and green agriculture. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provide for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be held responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities whatsoever (including, without limitation, any direct or indirect damages for loss of profits, business interruption or loss of information) resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become one of the leading cause of low vision and even blindness in the elderly, especially in those above 50. In 2020, approximately 1.8 million people aged over 50 are blinded by AMD and approximately 6.2 million people have moderate and severe visual impairment worldwide. By 2040, it is estimated that there will be about 288 million individuals with AMD worldwide. Strikingly, replenishing NAD+ may be a promising therapeutic option against early AMD. About AMD AMD is an aging phenotypes in the eyes, which mainly affects the central fixation point of eyes (macula). There are two types of AMD: dry AMD (non-exudative or atrophic) and wet AMD (neovascular or exudative). Almost all of the AMD cases starts with dry AMD. In AMD, loss of central vision can be severe and permanent. Remarkably, dietary supplements containing antioxidant vitamins, minerals (zinc and copper), lutein and zeaxanthin, to some extent, can alleviate the progress of early AMD. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a derivative of vitamin B3 (niacin), has been unveiled to a promising senotherapeutic agent for AMD. Cholesterol overload as one of the triggers for AMD An imbalance between cholesterol influx (entry into cells) and efflux (exit from cells) can lead to intracellular cholesterol overload, which is the initiating event in diverse triggers of senescence including AMD. This surplus can initiate cytopathic and pathological processes that are detrimental to cell health. One specific consequence of a cholesterol efflux defect is the senescence of macrophages, which are immune cells that help to clean up cellular debris. Additionally, such a defect can lead to the accumulation of lipofuscin within the eyes. LXR/CD38/NAD+ axis underlying the development of AMD LXR/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD+ depletion. Specifically, cholesterol accumulation in bone-marrow-derived macrophages deficient in cholesterol efflux upregulates the transcription of CD38 through LXR activation, which thereby promotes the degradation of NAD+ and induces the cellular senescence, eventually promoting AMD phenotype. Suppressive impacts of NAD+ augmentation upon macrophage senescence states in AMD model mice Cholesterol-mediated NAD+ depletion induces macrophage senescence and dysfunction, promoting subretinal lipid deposition and neurodegeneration, two key features of AMD. Replenishing NMN to augment NAD+ level reverses macrophage senescence and dysfunction, preventing the development of AMD phenotype, as indicated by the facilitated clearance of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) and the reduced accumulation of lipofuscin+ macrophages. Conclusion NAD+ deficit induced by excess intracellular cholesterol is the converging mechanism of macrophage senescence and a causal process underlying AMD. Supplementing NMN to boost NAD+ level serves as a promising senotherapeutic agent for age-related neurodegeneration. Reference [1 Chinese Vitreo-Retina Society of Chinese Medical Association, Fundus Disease Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association. Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration in China (2023) [J]. Chin J Ophthalmo. 2023,59(05):347-366. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20221222-00649 [2] Terao R, Lee TJ, Colasanti J, et al. LXR/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD+ depletion. Cell Rep. Published online April 15, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114102 BONTAC NAD BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of NAD and its precursors (eg. NMN and NR). There are various types of NAD to be selected, encompassing NAD ER Grade (endoxin removal), NAD Grade I (IVD/dietary supplement/cosmetics raw powder), NAD Grade II (API/intermediates) and NAD Grade IV (if any higher requirement on the solubility), which can be provided in the form of lyophilized powder or crystalline powder. The purity of BONTAC NAD can reach above 98%. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be responsible in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses or costs arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
Introduction Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities, and the decreased NAD+ level is related to various pathologies such as cardiac diseases and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) Injury. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) now appears as optimal NAD+ precursor to mitigate acute cardiac IR injury. Notably, glycolysis activation may be one of the metabolic pathways underlying NR-mediated cardioprotection, and insulin can abrogate this protection. The merits of NR in protecting hearts By virtue of its high bioavailability, its safety in healthy adults or obese patients, and its superiority in efficient NAD+ elevation in humans as compared to other agents, NR has emerged as a leading NAD+ precursor candidate. Up till now, NR has been the only compound to retain cardioprotection in an in vivo IR model with clinically relevant anesthesia. About glycolysis Glycolysis is a metabolic process that allows organisms to obtain energy from glucose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. During this process, glucose (C6H12O6) can converted into pyruvate (CH3COCOO + H). The released free energy is used to form the high-energy compounds adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Glycolysis is the first step in the process of sugar metabolism in all living cells, which can be regulated to accommodate different metabolic needs. NR-mediated cardio-protection in relation to glycolysis and insulin NR treatment reduces IR-induced cardiac injury in the mouse heart. This protection is associated with glycolysis activation and abrogated in the presence of insulin. Concretely, NR increases NAD+ level, intermediates of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and activates glycolysis in low glycolysis hearts (perfusion of glucose and fatty acid). When glycolysis is already fully activated by high plasma levels of insulin, NR’s protective effect against cardiac IR injury will be diminished or even absent. Conclusion The perioperative metabolic condition (e.g. fasting, low insulin versus non-fasting high insulin conditions) likely dictates the efficacy of NR treatment as therapy against cardiac IR injury. NR may especially offer protection through activation of glycolysis in conditions of low insulin, and its protective potential can diminish in the presence of insulin. Reference [1] Xiao Y, Phelp P, Wang Q, et al. Cardioprotecive Properties of Known Agents in Rat Ischemia-Reperfusion Model Under Clinically Relevant Conditions: Only the NAD Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Reduces Infarct Size in Presence of Fentanyl, Midazolam and Cangrelor, but Not Propofol. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:712478. Published 2021 Aug 30. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.712478 [2] Xiao Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, et al. Insulin and glycolysis dependency of cardioprotection by nicotinamide riboside. Basic Res Cardiol. 2024;119(3):403-418. doi:10.1007/s00395-024-01042-4 BONTAC NR BONTAC is one of the few suppliers in China that can launch mass production of raw materials for NR, with self-owned factory and professional R&D team. Up till now, there are 170+ BONTAC patents. BONTAC provides one-stop service for customized products. Both malate and chloride salt forms of NR are available. By dirt of unique Bonpure seven-step purification technology and Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method, the product content and conversion rate can be maintained in a higher level. The purity of BONTAC NR can reach above 97%. Our products are subjected to strict third-party self-inspection, which are worth of trustworthy. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. BONTAC holds no responsibility for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.